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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
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Results for hate crimes (u.k.)
6 results foundAuthor: Formby, Eleanor Title: Tackling Homophobia and Transphobia in Settings Supporting Young People: What are the Barriers and Facilitators? Findings from a South Yorkshire Study Summary: Existing research has identified the prevalence of homophobic and transphobic bullying in schools, and the impact this can have on lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) young people’s mental health and wellbeing, as well as their educational achievement (Guasp, 2009; Hunt and Jenson, 2007; McDermott et al, 2008; Mitchell and Howarth, 2009; Rivers and Noret, 2008; Tippett et al, 2010; Warwick et al, 2004). However, less research is available on how LGBT issues are supported within youth work provision. This study aimed to gather data in South Yorkshire about views and experiences of the inclusion of LGBT issues within schooling and youth work, with an explicit focus on barriers and facilitators. This summary includes findings from both young people and professionals who work with them, and suggests some recommendations for future practice. It also provides further information in the form of signposting to additional resources and references. The data is drawn from three sources: • a self-completion questionnaire for young people, to which there were 146 responses from young people aged 13-21 • eight in-depth group discussions with young people aged 11-20, involving 65 participants in total. Two of these took place within schools and six took place within youth work settings • nine in-depth interviews with professionals. Four of these were teachers and five were youth workers. Each of these elements included participants who identified as heterosexual and lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB). Details: Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Hallam University, Centre for Education and Inclusion Research, 2011. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 19, 2011 at: http://www.shu.ac.uk/_assets/pdf/ceir-homophobia-full-report-Formby2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.shu.ac.uk/_assets/pdf/ceir-homophobia-full-report-Formby2011.pdf Shelf Number: 123369 Keywords: Bias Motivated CrimeGays, Lesbians and Bisexuals, Crime AgainstHate Crimes (U.K.)Homophobia |
Author: Association of Chief Police Officers. Race and Diversity Working Group Title: Hte Crime: Delivering a Quality Service. Good Practice and Tactical Guidance Summary: Hate crime scars its victims beyond the legacy of any physical injury. If it is not professionally and successfully countered by the agencies of social control, its pervasive effect is to create alarm and fear as it chips away the mortar of social cohesion. This document therefore provides comprehensive step-by-step guidance to forces as they revisit and develop their own policy approaches and tactical options. It is not the product of speculative thinking as the sections are constructed on proven good practice in particular areas of activity by various forces across England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is a textbook therefore for the Police Service to learn from its own experience. Details: London: Home Office and the Association of Chief Police Officers, 2005. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 19, 2012 at: http://revroland.law.officelive.com/Documents/hatecrimeguide.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://revroland.law.officelive.com/Documents/hatecrimeguide.pdf Shelf Number: 125261 Keywords: Bias CrimesDiscriminationHate Crimes (U.K.) |
Author: Iganski, Paul Title: Hate Crimes Against London's Jews: An Analysis of Incidents Recorded by the Metropolitan Police Service 2001-2004 Summary: In Aprit 2004 the House of Commons debated the apparent rise of antisemitic incidents and the prevailing antisemitic ctimate in Britain. Responding on behalf of the Government, Home offlce Minister Fiona Mactaggart M. P. reported that 'together with the lnstitute for Jewish Policy Research, the Metropolitan Police is conducting research into such incidents to get a more accurate feel for their nature and to develop a more effective response to them. This highly informative book presents the findings of that joint research project with a view to understanding more clearly the dynamics of antisenitic incidents recorded by the police in London. For the first time in published form, Metropotitan potice service records of antisemltic incidents in London are analysed and placed in the context of the attention drawn to the increasing problem of street-level antisemitism reported by the European Union Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (2004) and the U.S. State Oepartment (2005). Drawing from crime reports for the calendar years 2OO1-ZOO4, the book discusses the nature and location of incidences, and the charateristics of victims and offenders, and uses qualitative information in the crime reports to theorise about the social context and potential motivations behind incidents. Details: London: Institute for Jewish Policy Research, 2005. 131p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed May 19, 2012 at: http://www.jpr.org.uk/downloads/Hate_Crimes_against_Londons_Jews.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.jpr.org.uk/downloads/Hate_Crimes_against_Londons_Jews.pdf Shelf Number: 125262 Keywords: Bias CrimesDiscriminationHate Crimes (U.K.) |
Author: Great Britain. Inspectorate for the Crown Prosecution Service, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Title: Living in a Different World: Joint Review of Disability Hate Crime Summary: This joint review considered how the police, Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) and probation trusts deal with the complex area known as disability hate crime. This has involved a consideration of not only the policies/procedures and actions of the three agencies, but also social attitudes and barriers that exist in relation to disabled people more generally. They are linked together. Whist disability hate crime is one of the five hate crime strands, (the others being race, religion, sexual orientation or transgender identity) there needs to be an acknowledgment that it has a unique position and requires additional status, simply to ensure that it is treated on an equal footing to the other strands. Disability is an area where social attitudes are still ill informed. Key findings Identification and reporting of disability hate crime Whilst definitions and guidance have been issued, this review reveals that there is a lack of clarity and understanding as to what constitutes a disability hate crime and confusion between policy definitions and the statutory sentencing provision contained within section 146 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (s.146 CJA 2003). (This is the statutory provision that allows the court to regard the defendant’s behaviour as an aggravating feature if (a) the offender has demonstrated hostility based on a disability or (b) the offence was motivated by hostility towards persons who have a disability - see paragraph 2.3.) This causes difficulties not only for practitioners in the identification and recording of disability hate crime but also for members of the public, including victims who are disabled. Improvements need to be made by the police and CPS in how they identify and record disability hate crime. All police, CPS and probation staff need to be fully aware of the statutory provision in s.146 CJA 2003 and there needs to be a common policy definition that is universally recognised and applied at ‘ground level’, that is simple to interpret. The under reporting of disability hate crime remains a significant concern and needs to be addressed. Whilst a number of initiatives have been put in place, further steps need to be taken to improve the confidence of disabled people to report matters to the police. A variety of effective reporting mechanisms are required. Once reports are made to the police, practitioners need to ensure that any disabilities are identified (including hidden impairments). Victims must then be supported sufficiently, their evidence given in the most effective manner and kept fully informed of what is happening in their case. Whilst community engagement projects are currently undertaken by the police and CPS, these need to be jointly co-ordinated, and have specific aims. The immediate priority should be increasing reporting of disability hate crime. Probation trusts also need to increase their awareness of disability issues through engagement with disabled members of our community. The police investigation and prosecution process The police are failing to fully consider disability hate crime issues in day to day investigative work. This review reveals examples of poor understanding of different types of disabilities by officers and in addition there is frequently a failure to examine the offender’s motivation for committing offences. As a consequence, insufficient evidence is obtained to support the requirement set out for the court to regard the defendant’s actions as an aggravating feature under s.146 CJA 2003. There is also a failure by the police to identify disability hate crimes to the CPS when seeking charging advice and a lack of provision of appropriate information to the CPS by the police. Whilst CPS lawyers demonstrated the ability to identify disability hate crimes on occasion, they did not necessarily ensure that the police provided all of the required evidence and did not always analyse the disability hate crime issue sufficiently. There was also a lack of clarity displayed by CPS lawyers as to what essential information should be included within the initial charging advice. The CPS needs to ensure that disability hate crime cases are correctly identified on its case management system. The number of administrative errors needs to be reduced substantially and lawyers need to identify cases against clear and understandable criteria. A process also needs to be in place to ensure that on every relevant file a decision is made whether the prosecutor will put forward s.146 CJA 2003 to the court. Clear records need to be maintained of the results of those cases where s.146 CJA 2003 is raised. The CPS needs to improve its performance in relation to the quality of case preparation to ensure that disability hate crimes are effectively prosecuted. At court and post-conviction Whilst inspectors witnessed examples of CPS lawyers raising s.146 CJA 2003 at court, it was of concern that all of the members of the judiciary who were interviewed as part of the review were of the view that they were not being invited to consider s.146 CJA 2003 on anything but a very exceptional basis. It does not appear that s.146 CJA 2003 has been embedded within the sentencing process. The quality of CPS and police information supplied to probation trusts was limited and insufficient for the preparation of a pre-sentence report and there was an over reliance on information provided by the offender, who minimised the seriousness of the offence. This lack of provision of key information also impacted on probation trust offender managers carrying out the role effectively and resulted in a culture of accepting the offender’s account, rather than placing the focus on the victim. Training and leadership As the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) report Hidden in plain sight - Inquiry into disability-related harassment (the EHRC report) states, ‘many people can simply feel uncomfortable about disability’ and the practitioners who are dealing with these cases will have widely varying levels of experience of interaction with disabled people. This is a difficulty that is not generally present when dealing with other crimes. There needs to be put in place an effective and comprehensive training programme for practitioners. Whilst progress has been made in relation to disability hate crime, the leaders of the police, CPS and probation trusts need to regard it as a key strategic priority. The relatively low numbers of disability hate crimes currently recorded should not be allowed to be used to devalue the importance of these types of crimes. There are reasons why the current figures are so low and many relate to the inability of the criminal justice system to combat prevalent social attitudes and to deal effectively with cases that can have inherent complexities. Given the demands on staff, without determination on the part of the leadership to achieve real change, there is unlikely to be any significant progress. Conclusion, recommendations and good practice Conclusion Disability hate crime is a complex area and has a number of unique features. In many ways it is the hate crime that has been left behind. The Government report Challenge it, Report it, Stop it - The Government’s Plan to Tackle Hate Crime (March 2012) highlights the importance of dealing with hate crime appropriately, not only for the individuals and their families, but also because of the negative impact these types of crimes have on communities in relation to cohesion and integration. It also sets an agenda for the criminal justice agencies to improve their performance in relation to all hate crimes and this presents a unique opportunity for the police, CPS and probation trusts to contribute to tackling the underlying prejudice and ignorance that drives hate crime. A new impetus that focuses on (a) improving awareness of what disability hate crime is, (b) increasing the reporting of disability hate crime and (c) embedding disability hate crime processes within the routine working practices of police, CPS and probation trust staff is required. The report concludes with a number of recommendations. Details: London: HMCPSI, HMIC; HMI Probation, 2013. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Criminal Justice Joint Inspection: Accessed March 22, 2013 at: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/a-joint-review-of-disability-hate-crime-living-in-a-different-world-20130321.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/a-joint-review-of-disability-hate-crime-living-in-a-different-world-20130321.pdf Shelf Number: 128084 Keywords: Bias CrimesDisabilityDisabled PersonsHate Crimes (U.K.) |
Author: Great Britain. Law Commission Title: Hate Crime: The Case for Extending the Existing Offences Summary: This project came to the Law Commission by a reference from the Ministry of Justice, following the Government’s publication of its three-year hate crime action plan in 2012. Our terms of reference ask us to look into: (a) extending the aggravated offences in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 to include where hostility is demonstrated towards people on the grounds of disability, sexual orientation or gender identity; (b) the case for extending the stirring up of hatred offences under the Public Order Act 1986 to include stirring up of hatred on the grounds of disability or gender identity. As part of this work, we also examine the current sentencing regime applicable to cases where hostility is established, as this already applies to all five groups and involves similar elements to the aggravated offences (though it is applicable to a wider group of offences). In this consultation, we analyse the case for reforming the existing offences to bring greater coherence and protection for all five groups. We ask: •Do existing criminal offences provide adequate protection against the types of wrongdoing occurring against members of the protected groups? •Do the Courts’ existing sentencing powers provide a sufficient response in all cases? •Would extending the offences create uncertainty or have other unintended consequences? Details: London: Law Commission, 2013. 136p. Source: Internet Resource: Consultation Paper No 213: Accessed July 8, 2013 at: http://lawcommission.justice.gov.uk/docs/cp213_hate_crime_amended.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://lawcommission.justice.gov.uk/docs/cp213_hate_crime_amended.pdf Shelf Number: 129271 Keywords: Bias-Motivated CrimesDiscriminationHate Crimes (U.K.) |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: An Overview of Hate Crime in England and Wales Summary: There are two main official sources for the number of hate crime offences in England and Wales: the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) and police recorded crime. The survey estimate is the higher of the two - some of the crimes reported in the survey will not come to the attention of the police. While the CSEW provides estimates of the volume of hate crime incidents, because of the small numbers of hate crime victims captured by the survey there are large margins of error around these estimates. These figures do, however, help to provide a broader context in which to view hate crime data from other sources. Based on combined data from the 2011/12 and 2012/13 CSEW, there were an estimated 278,000 hate crimes on average per year for the five monitored strands. The most commonly reported motivating factor in these hate crime incidents was race, with an average of 154,000 incidents a year according to the 2011/12 and 2012/13 surveys. The second most common motivating factor was religion (70,000 incidents per year). The majority of hate crime incidents were accounted for by incidents of assault (with minor injury or no injury) and incidents of vandalism, which together made up around two-thirds of the CSEW hate crime estimate. The combined 2011/12 and 2012/13 CSEW estimated that 40 per cent of hate crimes came to the attention of the police, a similar level to overall CSEW crime. However, the level of reporting to the police for hate crimes has fallen from 51 per cent in the combined 2007/08 and 2008/09 surveys. This fall is likely to be in at least part due to a change in the profile of hate crime offences experienced, away from more serious offences (such as robbery) to less serious offences (such as assault without injury). These less serious offences tend to have a lower reporting rate. The most common reason for not reporting the incident to the police was because the victim believed that the police would not or could not do much about it (43% of hate crime incidents in the CSEW that were not reported). In the process of recording a crime, the police can 'flag' an offence as being motivated by one or more of the five centrally monitored strands. The police recorded 42,236 hate crime offences in 2012/13, around one per cent of all recorded crime. Comparing this with estimates from the CSEW implies that far fewer hate crime offences came to the attention of the police than the 40 per cent indicated by the survey. There are a number of possible reasons to explain this discrepancy; for example, that the victim may not have mentioned the motivating factor when they reported the incident to the police. Comparisons between the CSEW hate crime estimates and the police recorded crime figures are explored in more detail in the main report. Details: London: Home Office, Ministry of Justice and Office for National Statistics, 2013. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 24, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/266358/hate-crime-2013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/266358/hate-crime-2013.pdf Shelf Number: 132155 Keywords: Bias-Motivated CrimesCrime StatisticsHate Crimes (U.K.) |